Nginx

2023-08-20 09:56| 来源: 网络整理| 查看: 265

1. Nginx 通配符匹配

按照匹配规则的优先级，由高到低：

= 表示精确匹配 ^~ 表示uri以某个常规字符串开头,大多情况下用来匹配url路径，nginx不对url做编码，因此请求为/static/20%/aa，可以被规则^~ /static/ /aa匹配到（注意是空格，即所见即所得）。 ~ 正则匹配(区分大小写) ~* 正则匹配(不区分大小写) !~ 和 !~* 分别为区分大小写不匹配及不区分大小写不匹配的正则 / 任何请求都会匹配 2. Nginx 通配符优先级

首先匹配 =，其次匹配 ^~, 其次是按文件中顺序的正则匹配，最后是交给 / 通用匹配。当有匹配成功时候，停止匹配，按当前匹配规则处理请求。

location = / { #规则A } location = /login { #规则B } location ^~ /static/ { #规则C } location ~ \.(gif|jpg|png|js|css)$ { #规则D } location ~* \.png$ { #规则E } location !~ \.xhtml$ { #规则F } location !~* \.xhtml$ { #规则G } location / { #规则H } 访问根目录/，比如http://localhost/ 将匹配规则A 访问 http://localhost/login 将匹配规则B，http://localhost/register 则匹配规则H 访问 http://localhost/static/a.html 将匹配规则C 访问 http://localhost/a.gif, http://localhost/b.jpg 将匹配规则D，规则E不起作用，而 http://localhost/static/c.png 则优先匹配到规则C 访问 http://localhost/a.PNG 则匹配规则E，而不会匹配规则D，因为规则E不区分大小写。访问 http://localhost/a.xhtml 不会匹配规则F和规则G，http://localhost/a.XHTML不会匹配规则G，因为不区分大小写。规则F，规则G属于排除法，符合匹配规则但是不会匹配到，所以想想看实际应用中哪里会用到。访问 http://localhost/category/id/1111 则最终匹配到规则H，因为以上规则都不匹配，这个时候应该是nginx转发请求给后端应用服务器，比如FastCGI（php），tomcat（jsp），nginx作为方向代理服务器存在。 3.简单通用配置

静态动态分离，除了静态资源以外的请求都交给Tomcat处理.

location / { proxy_pass http://[tomcatip]:[80] } location ^~ /static/ { root /webroot/static/; } location ~* \.(html|htm|gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ { root /webroot/res/; } 4.生产环境配置举例

生产环境的配置文件主要分布在三个文件夹中：conf、conf.d 、default.d。起到的作用可以自己定义的。

4.1 nginx.conf #user nobody; worker_processes auto; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 10240; events { use epoll; worker_connections 10240; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; large_client_header_buffers 4 64k; client_max_body_size 20m; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; fastcgi_connect_timeout 300; fastcgi_send_timeout 300; fastcgi_read_timeout 300; fastcgi_buffer_size 64k; fastcgi_buffers 4 64k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 3; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml; gzip_vary on; include /usr/local/nginx/conf.d/*.conf; server { listen 80; server_name 172.16.19.114; include /usr/local/nginx/default.d/*.conf; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} } 4.2 upstream.conf #设置tomcat负载均衡主机 upstream tomcatHost { least_conn; server 172.16.19.114:8081 weight=100 max_fails=12 fail_timeout=60s; keepalive 768; } 4.3 location.conf #设置host主机 #以frk开头的服务 location ^~frk { proxy_pass http://tomcatHost; } #以_web结尾的服务 location ~*_web { root /usr/local/nginx/webapps/; index index.html index.htm; } #以_service结尾的服务 location ~*_service { proxy_pass http://tomcatHost; } #以public为路径的服务 location /public/ { proxy_pass http://tomcatHost; } #默认服务 location / { alias /usr/local/nginx/webapps/portal_web; index index.html index.htm; }

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Nginx

Nginx

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